kelompok : 3
Disusun oleh :
- Nadia Putri (24215921)
- Salsabila Eka Putri (26215346)
- Wulandari Indah Cahyani (27215206)
Small-Medium Enterprises
(Smes)
CHAPTER I
A. Definition
So far the development of business small and
medium enterprises (smes) in indonesia serious attention from government and
the community broad, especially because the group business unit have
contributed so many opportunities work and therefore became one important source
for the creation of income. In addition, smes also serves as one important
source for gdp growth and the export of non-oil, especially export manufactured
goods. Because the importance of three this role, then as methodology, the
development of smes in in a economic always measured with three indicators, is
the number of L, NOL or NT, and X value of the business group, good in nominal
and relative to big business. Smes exist
in all economic factors, including in the manufacturing and trade. Because industry
and trade small as within the UK according to the laws no. 9 1995 about UK, so
limit idk defined by the ministry of industry and trade (of trade) as economic
activities which conducted by individuals or household and a body of, aims to
producing goods or services for diperniagakan in commercial have net assets the
most Rp. 200 million and have the value of per year of Rp. 1 billion or less
restrictions on scale business according to the bps, that is based on the
criteria the number of L have started to also used by of trade, which as the
following. Industry and trade micro 1-4 people; industry and trade small, 5-19
people; industry and trade medium enterprises 20-99 people , and industry and
trade large 100 people or more .
B. The
development of the total units and labor in smes
During the 1997-2001 the number of units an
effort from semuaskala increased by 430.404 unit of 39.767.207 unit 1997 , be
40.197.611 unit 2001. In partial, group business unit the most is UK, whose
numbers are 1997 of 39,7 million units more and 2001 is predicted to reach 40
million units more. When the economy crisis reached climax in 1998, usha of of
all categories of experienced negative growth, which the number of uk own
decreased by almost 3 million units of or growth about -7,4%. While, UM and UB
experienced negative growth greater, namely each 14.2% and 12.7%. This
difference identified that UM and UB experienced negative effect is greater
than UK from economy crisis .
The number of units smes vary according to
sector, and especially UK concentrated on the farm, livestock, forestry, and
fishery. 1997, the number of UK in the sector recorded 22.511.588 unit, and
1998 the number increases to 23.097.871 unit, or growing 2.6% (compared UM growing
1.2%) variations is closely kaitanya with the nature of the natural different
sektor, the internet in aspects of the voleme, structure, and the system or
pattern competition, price changes, and distribution system); the increased
availability of input, the needs and the availability of technology; resources
and capital; sectoral policy and economic macro; and shape and a level playing
among smes and between small and UB and import products .
In theory, the difference performance smes
in the agricultural sector with the performance of smes in the manufacturing
sector can be explained by approach analysis of the supply side and the demand
side. Of the supply side, smes in the agricultural sector (or agricultural
businesses in general) did not experience supply bottleneck due to depression
the rupiah as many experienced by smes in the manufacturing sector. The main
reason is because smes in the agricultural sector is no too depends on imported
raw materials and inputlainnya and nor in credit of banking; while in the manufacturing
sector a lot of smes who wears raw materials, means of production and other
input imported, and the production by loans of a bank or UB through programs
business partnership a handful of the government in the days of soeharto. In
addition, during the crisis many of those who laid off in the manufacturing
sector, return to the village origin and open agricultural a small scale, and
this is definitely increase the number of units smes in the sector. Of the
demand side, the domestic market to agricultural commodity large fixed, and in
times of crisis because people still have to eat; while overseas markets keeps
open because of the competitiveness of the price of komoditi-komoditi petanian
in indonesia increased at the time of the rupiah decline.
Distribution the number of units according
to a scale business and sector shows that in one side, smes having of superiority
over ub on the farm, and on the other hand, seen from the types products made,
types of technology and means of production used, and methods production
applied, smes in indonesia in general still of business category “primitive”. It is very different compared to smes in countries such as south
korea, japan, and taiwan is really excellent in the production of things so and
half-finished as components machine, automotive, and tools electronics.
Smes in indonesia is very important
especially in the creation of growth and employment opportunities, showed that
this business group work on considerably more people than the number of a
person who works in ub.pentingnya smes as one source of the growth of
employment opportunities in indonesia not only in the condition of a static,
manwho is the number of work in the business group which is much more abundant
than absorbed by UB , but it can also be seen in the condition of a dynamic,
that is from the rate of inflation figure every year that is higher than in ub
.In the group of sme there are differences between UK and UM.
C. Value
output and added value of
The role of smes in Indonesia in form of
contribution from output on the establishment of or gdp growth large enough,
although not amounting to contribution of the creation employment
opportunities. Contribution no or nt on the establishment of gdp far higher
than the contribution of UM. But, this difference not because levels of
productivity in the united kingdom is higher than in UM, but more driven by the
number of units and l that is much more UK than in UM and UB.
From the data BPS (statistics Indonesia 2001
of no and nt of UK in the industrial sector manufacturing according to industry
group code 31 s/d 39), there are some interesting things. First, no or nt vary
according to subsector, and most many (as indicated by data from other sources
the food, and drink, and tobacco (31), textile and its products (tpt), and the
skin and its products (32), and wood and its products (33), who gives a the
impression that fish, and imido. generally more the lead in third subsector
that compared in subsektor-subsektor other. Second, in several clusters
industry as 31 and 33, NO or NT of IMI is
greater than IK.
While the results of susi (2000) provides
the data about value gross products (NO), the cost between, and wages as well
as their salary of no effort are legal entities. Of the difference between no
and the cost between, can be obtained a picture on the size of the nt created
by this business group. Big trade, retail, and the fed as well as accommodation
services is a sector where no effort are legal entities produce no the largest;
was followed processing industry. In sector the past, no of imido. slightly
lower than no created by fish. In susi 2000, no and the reckoning nt of no
effort are legal entities also in jaabarkan according to region.
D. Export
Besides contribution on the growth of employment
opportunities and as a an important source of income, smes in indonesia also
was expected to because it has great potential as one important source the
development (diversified and growth x, especially x manufacturing. The ability
Indonesian smes to realize potential x determined by a combination of a number
of factors the relative prominence owned indonesian smes over rivals, better
than national and international quarters. In the context of economy,
international trade, the senses of the relative prominence a comparison is now
made excellence komperatif. Excellence komporatif owned UK indonesia especially
it is labor-intensive and Indonesia has the number of l a great, skill
”traditional” owned small businesses and workers in mambuat the product is
mainly goods craft (which is skill the community that already owned longer than
generation to generation), and the raw materials that abundant (especially of
agricultural products). Unfortunately UK in Indonesia is still relatively weak
especially in human resources in appeal management, marketing, production process
modern or more advanced (out production traditionally), innovation and command
of new technology.
The results of susi 2000, giving facts
empirical on the no effort are legal entities who performs x (directly or
indirectly through an intermediary as traders, trading company or trading of
the houses). From the survey there are two interesting things. First, of 14.948
units make the sale market outside public most of them are of category fish, a
( 13.191 units ), the distribution pattern it gave an indication of that fish,
a are more oriented towards x compared imido. The second thing the interesting
thing is that of 20.454 units do x, not all of them sell 100 % of their produce
to outside market public. Is that export a small minority of their product and
the rest sold in the domestic market.
The results of susi 2000 is to provide
information on the distribution of 20.454 units do x according to region. Some
there was much in java and bali, like the one in discuss formerly closely
related to the fact that populoasi of UK in Indonesia concentrated in Java and
Bali. The interesting thing is that this data that no single unit in Kalimantan
and Maluku and Irian Jaya who performs x. This gives the impression UK in
western region of more advanced and more exports than fellow east zone except
Sulawesi and Nusa Tenggara was relatively small.
E. The
prospect of smes in the era of free trade and globalization the world economy
For every business unit of all the scale and
in all economic sectors, the era of free trade and globalization the world
economy on one side will create many opportunities. On the other hand will
create much challenges when cannot faced with good will turn into threat. The
form of a chance and challenges that will appear will differ according to types
of activities a different economy. Globalization the world economy also enlarge
uncertainty especially because increasing mobilization of capital, man, and
resources other production and the integrated production activities, investment
and finance government-to-government among others could cause economic
fluctution in the area from exposure directly from unstable economic in other
areas.
1. She Nature of SME Presence
A negative growth Rate of the total UK smaller
than what was experienced by UM and UB. This difference in one side gives the
impression that in general the UK more "hardiness" compared to two
other it business group in the face of an economic turmoil. Relatively more
good UK compared UM or UB in the face of the economic crisis years in 1998 not
be separated with the nature of existence, let alone the UM UB in indonesia. A
different nature is very important to understand, to be able to predict the
future of the UK or SMES.
As in other LCDs, UK in Indonesia
dominated by traditional business units, which on the one hand, it can be built
and operate only with working capital and investment capital is small and
without the need to apply the system of organization and management of a modern
complex and expensive, such as in modern businesses (UB and up to a certain
level of UM), and on the other, UM, different to the UK generally make simple
consumption goods for the needs of the low-income community groups. To make
these items, the UK not too require L to the level of formal education is high
and should be paid handsomely (no need to wear a Manager with an MBA diploma or
undergraduate diplomas which have economic or an engineer) and does not require
sophisticated technology (T) in the form of machinery and modern means of
production, therefore, it is not surprising that saw Indonesia is of low educated
groups of people (Elementary School), and most of them use the machine as well
as a simple means of production or engineering results themselves.
The implications of
this nature with a different UM and UB. The UK is actually not too dependent on
Government facilities including skim-skim krdit cheap. Many studies showed that
the dependency of the UK against the capital of sumer informal sources is much
greater than against banking credit for various reasons.
2.
The ability SMES (Small Medium Enterprise)
In this era of free trade and globalization
the world economy, progress t, mastery science, and quality of resources high
(professional) is three factors competitive advantage that will be dominant in
determining good whereabouts of the prospect of an effort. If medium and
small-scale enterprises Indonesia did not have third competitive advantage was
even, Indonesian smes will threatened of segments market own by products m with
a lower price and the quality and better design, as is the case sekaarang with
raise of goods from china gets traditional markets.
The importance of third factors competitive
advantage the combined with factors other powers that very much determined the
prospect of smes in the future. In the era of free trade and globalization the
world economy, external environment domestic influenced by three important
factor, that is three the challenges facing by any companies in Indonesia. If
companies in indonesia not ready, the challenges of the can change into four
threat.
CHAPTER II
Kemenkop
smes would keep pushing the next grade
Yogyakarta -
cooperative ministry small and medium enterprises (kemenkop smes) continue to
encourage msmb sector next grade. Efforts they do to improve and competitiveness
umkm in the free market asean economic community (MEA). Assistance from the
human resources (resources), until the capital their marketing do.
Deputy for
restructuring ministry business cooperatives Yuan Sutyowati express, the number
of smes in Indonesia currently around 54 million and most needed assistance to
free MEA era.
To increase the
competitiveness of smes that could not performed alone by the ministry of
cooperatives and smes, but must involve stakeholders in Indonesia.
“Six deputy at the
ministry of with stakeholders from banks and state enterprises (in the state
owned) such as telkom we trailer , 'he said when it opens national congress
smes and national meeting in a companion umkm sahid highway hotel, Yogyakarta,
Wednesday (25/5/2016).
To increase the
competitiveness, the agency work with banks to assist capital. While for
assistance resources, he has have a companion at district level five people and
province seven people.
In addition, to assist
the marketing, the agency work with PT. Telkom. Soe has a duty to support among
smes towards the era of the marketing digitalisation through online.
One who is currently
spurred further ministry of cooperatives and smes is to centers integrated business
(PLUT). The most important being PLUT assignee with various matters relating to
smes. The most important being PLUT not only provided assistance service, they
also had raised umkm in various ways, including marketing manually or
integrated.
The most important
being PLUT have separate building can be used as a display smes products. Currently
has only around 9 the most important being PLUT, and this year the there will
be more 49 the most important being PLUT.
He targets, in three
years will be no 235 most important being PLUT scattered throughout Indonesa,
especially in 15.000 smes existing. One heavy duty them is getting into the
digital world, namely with the marketing of e-commerce. They will be pursued to
enter the world of e-commerce. We target 'there are 23 most important being
PLUT already e-commerce this year,' explained.
Yuan added, all the
program invites synergy all parties. To banking circles are instructed they
apply single digits to their credit. Because apart from circles could help smes,
that effort also as one effort or preparation entering an MEA’s era.
Analysis :
In the face of the international
market free (MEA) start since the end of 2015 government should hold assistance
and guidance on how to face competitors and running a business this time.
A step the government
steps to improve smes in the era of mea already be said to be very helpful to
increase the competitiveness of smes, the bank will also take part in this,
with help in terms of capital. It just means that in need to run this plan, the
government needs to encourage and expand centers construction business
integrated services (most important being PLUT), that guidance for the smes can
be implemented.
